校园里因为人多,除了那几家比较贵的情调餐厅外,其他多半采半自助式,每个人端了个塑胶餐盘(tray),点了想吃的东西,然后由服务生(Waiter)把菜递上,自己端着到收银员(cashier)那儿付帐。自己找位子坐。 那吃完饭以后呢?可不能拍拍屁股就走人!餐桌上竖立一块告示牌,上面写着:”Please bus the tray after you finish lunch !” 把餐盘送上巴士? 我正狐疑着,这到底是啥碗糕?又见餐厅门口,另一块牌子写着征人启事:”Bus Boy Wanted”然后我又看到,每个人用完餐后,总是乖乖地把餐盘连同脏碗盘一块儿自动送回收碗盘处,这样就可以少雇用一个员工。在台湾,麦当劳也有同样的作法。
吃素自然和蔬菜有关,英语中有关吃素的词语也就和vegetable一词密不可分。 例如,吃素的人分为两种: vegetarian(素食者,不吃任何肉类食品的人),如: The vegetarian restaurant around the corner attracts many tourists each year. vegan (严格的素食者,除肉类食品外,还不吃鸡蛋和任何奶制品,包括牛奶、奶酪等),如: She became a vegan after she believed in Buddhism.
除了各种蔬菜之外,素食者还会吃些什么样的食物呢?也许下面是他们可以选择的两种食品:
vegeburger(vegetable + burger),植物蛋白饼,又译蔬菜包。面包里夹蔬菜,虽然不像汉堡包(hamburger)里有大块的肉饼,但是形状上看似肉夹饼,望上一眼,多少也就果腹了。 The newly marketed vegeburger is claimed to be more healthy and tasty than the traditional hamburgers.
vegelate (vegetable + chocolate)素巧克力(用植物油脂vegetable fat作稳定剂的巧克力),如: Incredibly the Europeans think it’s being reasonable–they had originally wished to label British chocolate by the mouth-watering term,“vegelate”.
在vegetarian/vegan等词的基础上,还衍生出一些表示其他意义的词汇和短语,例如: vegetate:过无所事事的单调生活,如: I got fed up with vegetating at home during the holiday.
veg out:既可表示过素食者生活(下例A),又可表示过单调呆板的日子(例B) A). Vegging out! is dedicated to promoting plant-based food and nutrition, whether you are a vegan, vegetarian, or someone who simply wants to eat more foods from the earth. B). We found ourselves having nothing to do during the weekend but vegging out for hours watching TV.
On the average, oceans are two and one third miles deep.
海洋的平均深度为二又三分之一英里。
在“between +数字+ and +数字”的短语中,and等于介词to,译为“到”,或用破折号或波浪号来表示。例如:
1. The lamp lights when the transistor temperature probe is connected to the rear panel and its temperature is between -20~60'C.
当晶体管测温器接到后板上并且其温度在-20度到60度之间时,这盏灯就亮了。
有时仍将and译为“和”,在后面加上“之间”、“不等”,仍是“到”的意思。例如:
2. Tests were performed in stirred tanks, with volumes between 5 and 50 litres.
试验是在一些搅拌槽中进行的,槽的容积介于5升和50升之间。
也可以直接用介词 to代替and。例如:
3. The incubation period is most frequently between 7 to 21 days.
潜伏期大多为7到21天。
七、and用在强调结构中
1、用and连接同一个形容词的比较级,表示“发展”和程度的变化:
1)The patient is getting worse and worse.
患者的病情在不断恶化。
2)The power output becomes lower and lower by overloading.
功率输出由于过载而越来越低。
2、用and连接同义词。例如:
1)We completely and totally agree to the project put forward by them.
我们完全同意他们提出的方案。
2)The end and aim of the book is explained in the preface.
本书的目的在前言中作了说明。
3、有时用and重复整个句子,也是为了起加强语气的作用。如:
We need to know and we need to know as much as possible in order to adapt to the sort of changes in all aspects of science that will fall upon us like a tidal wave.
英国人和中国人一样,喜欢使用成语,但要明白每一个成语一定要下很多功夫,因为成语的意思和字面的意思绝然不同,不可单凭字义去猜测某一个成语的意思,例如:“Twist someone's arm",字面是指扭某人的手臂,但它的意思则指透过强烈要求去劝喻或威迫利诱别人去做一些事情,例如:"Your driving skill is pretty bad but perhaps if you twisted his arm, he would let you have the car."有些成语是由身体部位组成,例如:
耳朵: play it by ear 指根据实际情况而作出适当的应对和行动 A: Have you prepared what you're going to say at the meeting tomorrow? B: No, I'll just play it by ear.
头: off someone's head 指某人想法不切实际或处于精神错乱状态
眼睛: (i) catch someone's eye 吸引别人注意或留意你 (ii) an eye for an eye (and a tooth for a tooth) 这成语较少用,用时多省去后半部的字,指充满报复心理,希望犯事者能接受相等的惩罚,尤指杀人者应接受死刑。 例:She did not believe in the death penalty - an eye for an eye - but what else can we do to stop this sort of things
足跟: bring someone to heel 使某人服从命令或受到控制
腿: pull someone's leg指愚弄别人,令他们相信一些不真确的事情。 例:Of course Aunt doesn't want her present back. She was only pulling your leg.
口: Put words into someone's mouth 意思有两个: (一)暗示或声称某人曾说过什么,但当事人没有。 (二)暗示某人将会说什么,但事实不是。
颈: A pain in the neck 意思有两个: (一)指使人烦躁,不耐烦的人。 (二)人们不喜欢做的事
Kick 例: Kick over the traces - 抗拒(父母等的)管束或控制 Kick against the pricks - 泛指不守纪律或反抗权威 Kick a person's ass -(俗语)主要用于北美洲,指支配,打败或惩罚一个人 Kick the bucket -(俚语)指死亡 Kick the habit - 戒除嗜好 Kick one's heels - 无聊地等待某事物 Kick up one's heels - 尽情享乐,手舞足蹈之意 Kick up a dust - 指制造麻烦、投诉 Kick up a fuss / row / shindy / stink -(俗语)引起骚乱(例如由于激烈地抗议) Kick somebody upstairs - 使某人在职位上明升暗降 Kick a man when he's down - 落井下石 Kick a goal - (榄球)罚一分 Alive and kicking - 仍然生存、健康及活跃 Kick oneself - 懊悔、内疚、自责(例如因错失良机) Kick somebody in the teeth - 令某人非常失望,尤其当他们极需要你的支持
Kiss 例: Kiss something goodbye / kiss goodbye to something -(俚语)肯定某人不会有机会获得某些东西或做某些事情 Kiss the dust / ground - 向征服者屈服或被杀 Kiss the book - 吻圣经宣誓 Kiss the rod - 温顺地接受处罚 Kiss something array / better - 以吻的方式消除某人身体的痛苦,尤指儿童 Kiss the cup - 指慢慢地饮 The kiss of life - 口对口的人工呼吸 / 指一些能延续近乎失败的活动的东西 The kiss of death - 指必定引致失败的东西
邀约友人来赴宴,但对方却因故不克前来,这时可使用本句。另外听到某人比赛不慎败北,亦可使用本句。shame是名词,原意为『羞耻,丢脸』,但在本句中却应解释为『可惜,遗憾』。英文里表『你好可耻,好丢脸』,应说"Shame on you."。
Q:I heard Betty lost her tennis match this morning, so she's out of the tournament. (今早我听说贝蒂参加网球赛败北,所以她已淘汰出局。) A:Really? What a shame! I thought she was going to win this one. (真的吗?好可惜!我原本以为她可赢得这次比赛。) Q:Me, too. I'm sure she'll do better in the next tournament. (我也这么想。我确信她在下次比赛中会表现得更佳。)
一般常用口语用法有: What a pity! 好可惜! = It's a pity! = It's a shame! = That's too bad!
注意 tournament,表『锦标赛』,比game较为正式。此外,句型"It's a shame + that子句"表『很遗憾……』。
例句 It’s a shame/a pity/too bad that Jennifer couldn't come to the party. (很遗憾珍妮弗未能来赴宴。)
还有一个说法是“friendly fire incident”,这次伊拉克战争发生了多起误击事件,“friendly fire”的意思也有点变了,指“友军的误击、误射”。值得注意的是,“friendly fire”不同“fratricide(自残)”,fratricide有时也用,但它更多的是指“来自自己军队的故意袭击事件”。
另一方面,不是所有中医师都用草药的,例如一些利用针灸(acupuncture & moxibustion)治病的中医师便是这样,于是叫他们为herbalist又似乎欠妥了。那么这些人应叫甚么呢? 中医学叫Chinese medicine,有时又会叫传统中医学(Traditional Chinese Medicine,简称TCM),而医师、从业员可叫practitioner。因为,中医师可统称为Chinese Medicine TCM Practitioner或Practitioner of Chinese Medicine/TCM。
“一见锺情”的惯常叫法是love at first sight,这个短语可作名词使用:Do you believe in love at first sight?(你相信“一见锺情”这回事吗?)当中的love也可作动词使用:The boy loved the girl at first sight.(男孩子对女孩子一见锺情。)“相爱”、“堕入爱河”可叫fall in love,所以我们也可这样说:They fell in love at first sight.(他俩一见锺情。)
“三角恋爱”,最简单的叫法是love triangle(恋爱三角),留意并非叫triangle love. How many love triangles are there in the soap opera?(这套肥皂剧有多少段三角恋爱呢?)叫triangular love affair或triangular relationship(三角关系)也可。
至于“初恋”,叫first love便可。First love is usually bitter, yet most unforgettable.(初恋大多苦涩,却教人最难忘。) “爱屋及乌”,是love me, love my dog(爱我,也爱我的狗),这算是公认的答案了。不过这一中一西的成语其实本质上有点分别:“爱屋及鸟”是指爱一个人而连带跟他有关的人、事、物也喜爱;至于love me, love my dog,则指是爱一个人而连带他的弱点、缺点也接受。因此两者还是不尽相同的。
“暗恋”的“恋”,用love便可。至于“暗”,则是指秘密的,英文可叫secretly或in secret: I secretly love that girl.(我暗恋那女孩。)除了以love作动词,我们也可用短语in love with: Is she also secretly in love with me?(她是否也暗恋我?)另一个较深的字则是clandestinely,意思和用法跟secretly一样。其实上述的字词也可指两情相悦的“地下情”:They love each other clandestinely.(他们两人暗地恋爱。) 其他指“暗恋”的常用短语尚有have a crush on、take a shine to、carry a torch for等。
有一个短语"food for thought",字面解作“思考的养料”,其实便是指发人深省的说话或事物。赞一个人的说话发人深省,使用的动词是provide,我们还可加上much来加强语气:Her words provide much food for thought.(她的说话发人深省。)另一个动词是give,后面可表明受益的人:Her words gave us food for thought.(她的说话让我们深切反思。)
谈睡觉的几个不同说法。第一个是I slept like a log.或I slept like a baby.,即是睡得很熟。睡不着就说I did not sleep a wink. (我完全没有睡过。)wink是眨眼,这句是说连短如眨一次眼的时间都没有睡过,即是完全没有睡过了。第三个是I like my forty winks after lunch. 是说喜爱午饭后小睡,可能是睡二、三十分钟。还有He sleeps the sleep of just. just是公正,心安理得的人自然睡得安详,这句话就是形容他睡得安详。还有He puts the dog to sleep. 这句不是说他要哄那只狗睡觉,而是要把那只狗人道毁灭。最后一句是He was lying on the sofa and dead to the world. (他在沙发上熟睡,好像死了一样。)即是指他睡得非常熟。
美国三军官校,有陆军官校(Military Academy)、海军官校(Naval Academy)、空军官校(Air Force Academy) 其中,陆军官校位于纽约州西点市(West Point),所以又叫西点军校(Military Academy at West Point) 至于官校的学生,虽然同样是高中毕业投考的,但他们的学生不叫「学生」 student,而叫「学员」 cadet ,重音放在第二音节。 警官学院(Police Academy)的学员也叫 cadet.